1070 Her Landfranc se þe wæs abbod an Kadum com to Ængla lande, se
efter feawum dagum wearð arcebiscop on Kantwareberig. He wæs gehaded .iiii. kalendas Septembris on his agenum bisc<o>psetle fram eahte biscopum his underðioddum; ða oþre ðe þær næron þurh ærendrak
an 7 þurh gewrite atiwdon hwi hi ðær beon ne mihton. On þam geare THOMAS se wæs gecoran bisc<o>p to Eferwic com to Cantwareberig þæt man hine ðær gehadede efter þan ealdan gewunan. Ða ða Landfranc crafede fæstnunge his gehersumnesse mid aðswerunge.
[*]þa forsoc he 7
sæde þæt he
hit nahte to donne. Þa gewraðede hine se arcebiscop Landfranc 7 bebead þam biscopan ðe þar cumene wæran be ðas arcebiscop
Landfrances hæse þa serfise to donde, 7 eallan þan munecan, þæt hi scoldan hi unscrydan. 7 hi be his hæse swa didan. Swa Thomas to þam timan agean ferde buton bletsunga. Þa sona æfter þysan belamp þæt se arcebiscop LANDFRANC ferde to Rome 7 Thomas forð mid. Þa þa hi þyder comon 7 umbe oþer þing gesprecon hæfdon umbe þæt hi sprecan woldon. Þa
angan Thomas his spæce hu he com to Cantuuarebyri, 7 hu se arcebiscop axode hyrsumnesse mid aþswerunge at him, 7 he hit forsoc. Þa agann se arcebiscop
Landfranc atywian mid openum gesceade þæt he mid rihte crafede þas þa he crafede 7 mid strangan cwydan þæt ylce gefæstnode toforan þam papan Alexandre 7 toforan eallan þam concilium þe þar gegadered was 7 swa ham
foran. Æfter þysan com Thomas to Cantwarebyri 7 eal þæt se arcebiscop at him crafede eadmedlice gefylde 7 syþþan þa bletsungan underfeng.
A .lxvi.
*G syx 7 syxti
BCD .lxvi.
E .lvi.
From comparison with *G, the alteration to A must have occurred after G was copied and was presumably made by Scribe 8. As all recensions, except E, agree on the length of Octauianus's reign, I suggest that the reading in E is faulty.
A .lxii.
*G .lxii.
BC .lii.
DE .xlii.
.xlii. is the better reading for the year of Christ's birth.
Written on the previous line (1v5).
Erased, and 7 inserted over the erasure, probably by Scribe 8, bringing it in line with √E which combines annals 2 and 3 (as seen in E).
Written on the previous line (1v7).
Written on the previous line (1va15).
Probably added by Scribe 8.
Altered by erasure of the ascender of the þ to feowericum.
A se
*G se
BC Petrus se apostol
DE apostol Petrus
Erased in "A".
The annal number has been altered to 45, and a new annal number 44 inserted on the line above in another hand (8?).
The annal number has been altered to 46.
The annal number has been altered to 47. The original annal number 47 has been erased from the top of folio 2r.
-wode is above, on the previous line.
-wodon is above, on the previous line.
A Uespassianus
E, *G Uespasianus
BCD Uespassianus
The word þusenda has been split across two lines with -senda immediately below þu-, even though there would have been ample room to put the whole word on 2ra27.
-dyde has been written above ge-, on the previous line.
Anno .lxxxiiii.
The annal number has been altered to "84" in another hand and annal numbers Anno .lxxxv. and Anno .lxxxvi. added below, possibly in Hand 8.
Bately states that an annal number for "83" is added beneath this. She also does not include the annal number "83" at the bottom of the first column.
Anno .lxxxiivii. The annal number has been changed to 87 by connecting the first two letter i to form a u.
The annal has been erased. Bately sees four lines of erasure but there is only a gap of two lines before the next annal number.
The annal number Anno .xcui. has been written in another hand between this annal number and the annal number for AD 96.
-re hine gereste in Epheso is written on line 2rb21, above the rests of the annal, rather than on 2r24/5 where it would collide with an addition for AD 101, also by Scribe 8. Presumably the scribe made the addition for AD 101 first and later the addition for AD 99.
Changed to him wærþ tiþod by Scribe 8.
There is a large cross inserted to the left of the annal number.
Mid-dots have been inserted above the line in the annal numbers for 305 to 309.
The annal number Anno cccc.viiii. has clearly got an additional "c".
The annal numbers for 330 to 339 are missing.
This annal has been annotated with sic etiam in historia saxonica Petroburg by Joscelyn
Changed to Galwalas by Scribe 8.
This annal has been annotated with sic etiam in historia saxonica Petroburg by Joscelyn
There is a signe de renvoi of three dots after this annal number. The corresonding text is on the same line in the second column.
This text was added in the second column on line 4v6 and is joined by a signe de renvoi to the annal number in the first column. It has also been annotated with sic etiam in historia saxonica Petroburg by Joscelyn
Glossed with uel Patricius by Scribe 8, and Joscelyn has annotated this line (in the blank second column) with in saxonica histor. Petroburg. est Patricius non Paladius.
Glossed with to bodianne scottum fulluht by Joscelyn.
sendon has been glossed with ferdon ofer sæ by Joscelyn.
Glossed with ætilan in lib. Petroburg by Joscelyn.
*G Mauricius
E Martianus
Changed to Martianus in another hand, probably Scribe 8.
This annal number has been added between the lines to correct the sequence.
*G Æfter wæs þæt lond
E þan wæs þæt land
Changed to Æfter þan þæt lond wearð in another hand, probably Scribe 8.
*G Stuf
E 7 Stuf
7 in another hand.
fea altered to feala in another hand, probably Scribe 8.
*G Wihtgarabyrg
E Wihtgarasbyrg
Altered to Wihtgaræsbyrg in another hand, probably Scribe 8.
*G Wihte ealond
E eall Wihtland
Changed to eall Wiht ealandby Scribe 8.
*G Iulius
E Iulii
Changed to Iulii by erasure of all but the first minim of us, probably by Scribe 8.
*G oðywdon
E ætewdon
Changed to ætiewdon, probably by Scribe 8.
Bately suggests that the annal for 552 might stand on an erasure.
*G æt
The erasure is unreadable; current reading based on *G.
From this point, the rest of the annal for 565 is written over the erased pedigree for 560 above.
*G Lycgeanburh
E Lycgeanbyrig
Altered to Lygeanbirg by erasure of all but the first minim of u.
*G Ægelesburh
E Ægelesbyrig
Altered by erasure to Ægelesbirg.
*G Bennington
BC Bensingtun
E Benesingtun
Altered to Bænesington, probably by Scribe 8.
*G gefor
BC gefor
Altered to geforþferde by the addition of þferde, in a later hand.
This has been inked over, possibly by Scribe 8. The u (of gecueden) has been modifed to a wynn and -en Deorham appears just to have been re-inked.
*G cestro
The final o of ceastro has been modifed to an a.
G[W] Ceol
G[N] Ceolric
E Ceolric
Possibly by Scribe 8.
*G, BC .v.
E .vi.
Original reading .v. changed to .vi. in a later hand.
The part of the annal starting "cynge æt Dæstane" is written in below the annal for 597 with ð used as the signe de renvoi.
Second e erased to form EastSaxum.
e erased to form ðon.
The part of the annal starting "seo ys .xxiiii." is written in the upper mg with +φ used as the signe de renvoi.
-loh written in a modern hand over an erasure.
sloh was written twice (at the end of one line and the start of the next). The first of these has been erased.
*G .xlvi.
BCDE .lxv.
Original entry modified to .lxv. by erasure, only initial x now visible.
The æ is written above an underpointed e.
The rest of the annal is written at the bottom of the page, joined by signes de renvoi.
This is followed an erasure. Bately sees "to" followed by a form of the place-name Rochester.
This is written over an erasure in a rounder hand.
*G bisceopdome
E biscopdomas
Original reading biscepdome changed to biscepdomes by the addition of s in another hand.
*G .v.
BC .vm.
BCDE Peada
The scribe erroneously wrote ee by conventionally abbreviating ge and also providing the e.
BC on
E of
The construction geheargian oþ + Name is normal in the chronicle but geheargian on + Name is seen in the OE Orosius.
This word is abraded, possibly deliberately (but poorly) erased.
This should read Þeodorius, but the i may have been erased as there appears to be a one minim gap.
Lutz sees -branne standing on an erasure; Bately doesn't. It is not apparent from the facsimile which of these is correct.
Lutz considers this entry to be in a later hand; Bately doesn't.
A cross has been inserted above the line between these two words.
*G Cristes
E Cristes
Cristes has been inserted above the line, over underlined iustes. David Dumville suggests iustes may be a misreading of ristes + space for a rubricated C.
This material is also in *G.
There is a macron over the m.
This material is also in *G
This material stands on abraded parchment. David Dumville suggests that the scribe made a saut au même du même error with the succeeding on rhyt.
Touched up by another scribe.
Touched up by another scribe. The scribe has written -h over the original -g of Cuþburg. The descender of the original -g is just visible.
Touched up by another scribe.
Gefeaht is split across folios 9r and 9v and the scribe has accidentally repeated the ge.
The scribe appear to have originally written ccn and subsequently modified the second c to a y.
The is a hole in the manuscript here, followed by þred, the first letter of which is damaged and underpointed. Cuþ has been added above the hole, Lutz suggests that this addition may be in hand 1; Bately disagrees.
David Dumville suggests that this stands on an erasure. There is space for, perhaps, two additional letters.
This word has been heavily reinked.
This is followed by the sign usually used to signify the end of an annal.
Inserted over a hole in the manuscript in a modern hand, possibly that of Abraham Wheloc.
*G rihtfæderencyn
This has been modified to ryhtfæderen cyn by the addition of -en in another hand which Lutz suggests may be that of Scribe 3.
Plummer suggested that the interlinear þ was in another hand. Bately and Lutz disagree, and see this as the work of Scribe 1.
Written as .dcclviii. , with the last minim interlined above the previous. This has been done to avoid intrusion into the column for annal material. Several other annal numbers on this folio follow this practise.
Written as .dcclviiii. , with the last two minim interlined above the previous. This has been done to avoid intrusion into the column for annal material. Several other annal numbers on this folio follow this practise.
It is not certain whether cinges (inserted inter-linearly) was intended as part of the text or as a gloss.
The I formed by erasure from an E; *G has Anbryht; DE have Ianbryht; BC have Eadbriht.
This is followed by an erasure only partly readable which Bately interprets as: he wæs . . . sunu[?] cantwara[?] cinges . . . sunu cinges.
The interlined n is in another hand.
Followed by an erasure with room for perhaps 7 or 8 letters.
Altered from either an a or a u.
The correct name is Feologild.
From the facsimile, it looks like this stands on an erasure.
A cross has been drawn in the left mg by this word.
The H has been touched with colour.
This is written over the mark that this scribe normally used to indicate the end of an annal.
The erased text in Hand 1a that follows corresponds to annal 851 7 þy ... gefliemdon which similarly follows sige namon.
Possibly in another 10th century hand, though the whole word may stand on a erasure.
Inserted at the top of folio 13r (in a hand similar to that of Scribe 2 of the "Laws") perhaps as an alternative to the będ that has been inserted above the line at the start of the annal.
The manuscript reads send-e with the final e in another hand. Bately suggests that this may be because the emending scribe failed to recognise Scribe 1's use of d- for de.
The line that starts here has been surrounded with large red crosses in both mgs. This was probably the work of the Frithestan Annotator.
BC of
This should read of.
Originally Cuþa. The a has been erased and wine inserted above a ":".
BC Frealafing
This should read Frealafing.
This word is followed by the sign normally used to indicate the end of an annal.
The n may be an r with a short or erased descender.
This is followed by an erasure of approximately 23 letters. Bately sees the erasure as starting 7 æþelw.l. ..?.
This is on an erasure and is also followed by erased material that Bately sees starting 7 wið þone he. . . . uns.ire. This material appears to correspond with the text that immediately follows.
BC friþ wiþ
DE wið frið
BCG ungeþwærnes
D ungeþwærnys
In another hand.
A small circled cross has been inserted above the line, in the between this and the previous annal.
A large circled cross has been inserted in the left mg next to this line. These circled crosses were the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
There is a large circled cross annotation in the mg next to this annal. These circled crosses were the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
There is a small cross interlined above this word.
A new paragraph begins here in the manuscript. The first letter of this is large and decorated. There is also a large circled cross annotation in the mg next to this annal. These circled crosses were the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
A comma has been inserted below the line to indicate the word-break that should follow this letter.
A comma has been inserted below the line to indicate the word-break that should follow this letter.
Orignially eft, emended to oft by inserting a colon below the line and an o above the line.
The a may be a correction: there is evidence of scraping.
*G micel þæs folces 7
BCDE 7 micel þæs folces
A small circled cross is in the left mg adjacent to this line. These circled crosses were the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
*G comon
MS originally read cō with man added in another hand.
DE*G þær þa wearþ
BC þær wearþ
Added in another hand (possibly 2c).
*G þa
ða stands on an erasure in another hand.
BC*G Stufe
D Stufe
An error for Sture.
A comma has been inserted under the line to indicate the word break.
This is one of a number of errors of number made by Scribe 1. This should probably read he. See Bately, cix.
This stands on an erasure.
There is a gap between the letters ri where there may be an erasure with room for perhaps one letter.
G[N] berædne
G[W] bæredne
B berædde
There is a large circled cross in the left mg between this annal and that for 888. These circled crosses were the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
G Æþered
The manuscript originally read Ęþered. Another hand has modified this to a large Æ and inserted an l above the line to make Æþelred.
The annal number was written as dccclxviiii, with the final two minims above the previous two. This has been done to avoid intruding into the column for the annal text. Scribe 1 also followed this practise in the entries for 758, 769 and 774.
The interlined n is probably in another hand. Lutz suggests that this may be that of her Scribe 2 - Bately's Scribe 2a. Bately sees multiple hands (2a through 2f) for Lutz's Scribe 2.
This annal number is the last thing written by in Hand 1. The remaining three lines of folio 16r have been left blank. This annal number caused a later scribe to erroneously add one to the entries between 892 and 940, obviously thinking that the first entry on folio 16v was for 892, and that the duplicated annal number 892 that followed should be 893.
The annal number has been changed to 893 in another hand. R. Talbotus in suo Itinerario transfert hec verba in Latinum has been added below this annal number in the left mg by the 16th century "Talbot annotator".
The manuscript reads bunāan. Bunnan *G[W]; Bunan *G[N]; Bunan BCD.
Perhaps altered from þæt by erasure.
The annal number has been changed to 894 in another hand.
Lutz suggests that this has been altered to on. Bately disagrees and I see no evidence of alteration from the facsimile.
This may stand on an erasure.
The -ci- stands on a heavy erasure.
There may be an erasure after norþ-.
This may stand on an erasure.
This was originally written hæsde, and the s has been modified to an f by the addition of a horizontal stroke to the descender.
The initial o- stands on damaged parchement, possibly the result of an erasure.
This word starts on folio 17r where the scribe has written ge-, the whole word is repeated at the top of 17v, producing (ge)geworct . The t may be in a different hand. geworct *G.
Note n893.10
In another hand.
Note n893.11
The e's in -ete- have been inked over, or are on an erasure.
Note n893.12
This was originally wæst, and wes has been inserted above the line before the t.
Note n893.13
The -as has been added above the line in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 895 in another hand. The layout changes here: the annal number is centered on the page between this and the previous annal. This layout is used until 897.
This is written with a capital N inside a large capital O.
The annal number has been changed to 896 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 897 in another hand.
The u in Suð- is so misshapen that it is impossible to tell what the scribe intended.
The may be an erasure following lang-.
The manuscript originally read ascutan, and an f has been added above the t in another hand. Also, the -an may have been modified from -on and the n has been re-inked. ascufon *G.
The annal number has been changed to 898 in another hand. The layout reverts here to using mgal annal numbers.
The annal number has been changed to 901 in another hand.
There is a large circled cross in the left mg here. This was the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
There is a small cross above the space preceding Eadweard.
in lib. Petroberg. 28 annis et dc has been added in the right mg by an Early Modern scribe, writing at the end of the sixteenth or the start of the seventeenth century. See Bately, Introduction xlvi.
*G reads þæt he ; the MS has oð he inserted in another hand over an erasure.
The annal number has been changed to 903 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 904 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 905 in another hand.
MS Brodene. The o has been altered to a in another hand.
The second e is underpointed.
There is a large circled cross in the left mg here. This was the work of the Circle and Cross Annotator.
The annal number has been changed to 906 in another hand.
se has been interlined in an early modern hand, possibly that of William L'isle, above the line after this word.
The annal number has been changed to 909 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 910 in another hand.
The first two words of the line are enclosed on three sides by thick ink lines and a large, oxidised red cross has been inserted below the annal number. A smaller cross has been insterted above the name Friðestan. This was the work of the Frithestan Annotator.
The annal number has been changed to 911 in another hand.
The final a is only partly visible due to a split in the parchement.
This word follows an erasure of two letters with long descenders (which are still visible).
The annal number has been changed to 912 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 913 in another hand. The three annal numbers below are also in Hand 2b and have been modified to read 914, 915 and 916 in another hand.
This word has been re-inked, probably when the blank annal for 914 was changed to 915.
Followed by an erasure, for which Bately suggests the reading 7 þa æfter þam.
The annal number has been changed to 916 and then to 917 in other hands.
The annal number has been changed to 917 and then to 918 in other hands.
Bately suggests that the s may be in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 918 and then to 919 in other hands.
The a probably stands on an erasure.
The annal number has been changed to 919 and then to 920 in other hands.
The annal number has been changed to 920 and then to 921 in other hands.
Parkes considers this to be in another hand.
The -it have been heavily re-inked and may be on an erasure.
Crossed out, presumably meant for deletion.
In Hand 2d.
Plummer and Lutz see traces of erasure between these lines.
Lutz suggests that this was originally written wæs and altered to read þæs. Bately disagrees.
There is an "X" in the margin following this word.
The f- has not been crossed and looks like an s.
The annal number has been changed to 921 and then to 922 in other hands.
The final -e is in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 922 and then to 923 in other hands.
Plegemund died in 923, the final, altered year for this annal.
The annal number has been changed to 923 and then to 924 in other hands.
Altered from -o to -a.
The remaining half of the page has been left blank.
The annal number has been changed to 925 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 932 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 933 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 934 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 935 in another hand.
The annal number has been changed to 938 in another hand.
In another hand.
There is a blank, ruled line after this.
MS en.
Glossed above the line with uel cum bell.
Lutz sees this as Hand 3, Campbell and Bately disagree.
Followed by an erasure of perhaps six letters.
Modified from hramige by the addition of an underpoint beneath the -a- and an e above the line.
Probably in another hand.
First altered to .xli. and then back to .xl. by erasure. *G .xli.
Written over an erased -e- or -o-. *G Lindclyne.
Reading from *G.
The word arcebisceop written above the line on the previous erasure.
Followed by an erasure to the end of the line.
The words Her forðferde Wal.mbsa are written in the left margin but have been largely erased. These words could apply to either 945 or 946.
Followed by an erasure of about two and a half lines. Bately sees .dcc. man h?, g 7 he, . . . lde. From the facsimile I can't see .dcc. man h? but the rest is visible and the erasure looks as if it should be recoverable. The words Her forðferde Buniget b. . . are written in the left margin (but largely erased) adjacent to the annal number for 948. or 949
The manuscript originally read sæcte.
This word starts a new paragraph. Three Parkerian red crayon arcs link the three lines from here to the end of this annal.
This starts in capitals and is in a larger script than the rest of the annal. MS IN Uigilia.
Dumville sees a change of hand at this word, however Bately disagrees. The simplest explanation for this folio (28r) seems to me that Scribe 4 wrote the entire page sometime in the late 960's. After he had completed the annal for 964 he knew there were no annals for 965, 966 or 967 and entered these in the left margin beside the annal for 964 to conserve space. He then entered the annal number for 968 at the top of the next folio. It seems to me that this would have occured at the time of writing the annal for 964 as it would seem unlikely that the same scribe would revisit the Chronicle merely to enter a few blank annal numbers. Dumville's notion that he did this in 968, before it was known whether there would be an entry for that year, is very attractive.
Restored using Bately's reading from G, G[N] and G[W}. This entry is probably in Hand 5 (or Hand 5a/b).
An o has been insterted above the second -a- (not underpointed). MS *G Baðon
MS þa agan; BC þa get. A is closer to the probable þa gen.
In BC but missing from A and *G.
Probably a later addition, in a larger than usual script. The horizontal stroke is above the line with the vertical stroke descending into what would be a wider than normal word division.
Originally unweaxene with the final -e erased some time before *G was copied. *G unweaxen.
Underlined.
Inserted above the line, possibly in another hand, but inefficiently erased.
In the left margin in the minute script of Scribe 7.
An end of annal symbol has been partly erased and then reused to form 7. This is followed by additional material.
The annal continues in the left margin from this word.
MS biscpes
Partly re-inked and possibly on an erasure.
A note in the right hand margin next to this addition reads haec sequentia non reperiuntur in Cott . This is in a hand very similar to that of Archbishop James Ussher.
The following six lines have been erased but have been restored according to a transcript by Professor Page as published in Bately. Only the more dubious readings have been marked as erased.
Written over an erased annal number for 1071.
Altered to -an from -en.
The remainder of this annal is in Hand 10 and does not follow the ruling on fos. 31v and 32r.
Written over an erased annal number.
MS L.
Written over an erased annal number.
MS L.
Preceded by an erased annal number.